BME for Global Health

Biomedical Engineering for Sustainable Global Health: PhD Scholarships

Objectives

Health systems are facing complex local (e.g. demographic change, population ageing, sandwich generation) and global challenges (e.g. international health emergencies, antimicrobial resistance, pandemics, climate change, wars, global warming), which led the WHO to introduce in the Strategic Plan 2025-2028 new priorities such as the development of climate-resilient health systems and lowering carbon footprint of health systems and societies. There are several factors pushing this shift into WHO priorities. For instance, in 2024 potential carriers of vector of Nila Virus, Zika and Malaria were found respectively in Canada, Scotland and Italy. Moreover, European healthcare systems are responsible for the 5% of Co2 EU emissions, which is remarkable (e.g., transports account “only” for 15%). As a proxy for demographic changes, a report from a world leading medical device manufacturer estimated that by 2040 one fourth of the European population should work for the healthcare system, to balance the growing request of care due to aging population. This urges the provision of innovative technologies that can protect healthcare workers and free their time from repetitive routinary activities, leveraging on key enabling technologies such as robots, AI, and IoT.

To address these challenges, it is necessary to rethink the organization of health services for the well-being of people and the communities in which they live. To be effective, biomedical engineering need to work side-by-side with experts of sustainability and strength their collaborations with experts of global health, which are the once in charge for the reorganization of healthcare services in most countries. In fact, the conscious use of enabling and transformative technologies can provide safe, effective, and efficient solutions, while simultaneously generating new knowledge and new opportunities for sustainable economic development, in line with the UN SDGs. However, the adoption of innovative technologies is effective and sustainable, as well as safe and efficient, if and only if it is accompanied by an actual reorganization of services. Our community is requested to put global effort in finding innovative and sustainable technological solutions, which may help transforming healthcare systems, following the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDG2030) and in line with the 5As principles: affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation, and acceptability.

This project aims at fostering the growth of biomedical engineering for sustainable global health via PhD scholarship, open also to candidates from LMICs, which are willing to depp dive into this systematic change.

Health systems are facing complex local (e.g. demographic change, population ageing, sandwich generation) and global challenges (e.g. international health emergencies, antimicrobial resistance, pandemics, climate change, wars, global warming), which led the WHO to introduce in the Strategic Plan 2025-2028 new priorities such as the development of climate-resilient health systems and lowering carbon footprint of health systems and societies. There are several factors pushing this shift into WHO priorities. For instance, in 2024 potential carriers of vector of Nila Virus, Zika and Malaria were found respectively in Canada, Scotland and Italy. Moreover, European healthcare systems are responsible for the 5% of Co2 EU emissions, which is remarkable (e.g., transports account “only” for 15%). As a proxy for demographic changes, a report from a world leading medical device manufacturer estimated that by 2040 one fourth of the European population should work for the healthcare system, to balance the growing request of care due to aging population. This urges the provision of innovative technologies that can protect healthcare workers and free their time from repetitive routinary activities, leveraging on key enabling technologies such as robots, AI, and IoT.

To address these challenges, it is necessary to rethink the organization of health services for the well-being of people and the communities in which they live. To be effective, biomedical engineering need to work side-by-side with experts of sustainability and strength their collaborations with experts of global health, which are the once in charge for the reorganization of healthcare services in most countries. In fact, the conscious use of enabling and transformative technologies can provide safe, effective, and efficient solutions, while simultaneously generating new knowledge and new opportunities for sustainable economic development, in line with the UN SDGs. However, the adoption of innovative technologies is effective and sustainable, as well as safe and efficient, if and only if it is accompanied by an actual reorganization of services. Our community is requested to put global effort in finding innovative and sustainable technological solutions, which may help transforming healthcare systems, following the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDG2030) and in line with the 5As principles: affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation, and acceptability.

This project aims at fostering the growth of biomedical engineering for sustainable global health via PhD scholarship, open also to candidates from LMICs, which are willing to depp dive into this systematic change.

Support

This project is supported by foundations (e.g., Med’Or), EU projects (such as GATEKEEPER, ODIN, EPoCA, Enkore) and National Research grants (e.g., Afya Moja, “One Health” in Swahili) aiming at bridging research and global health ecosystems across different phases of medical devices lifecycle in which BME are involved: design, manufacturing, clinical and pre-clinical validation, regulations, assessment and management.

Case Studies

A vest for treating jaundice in low-resource settings

Neonatal jaundice (NJ) is one of the most common conditions in newborns (60-80% births, with 10% requiring treatment), the 7th cause of neonatal mortality, with a significant health burden for LMICs. NJ is usually due to the incapacity of neonatal livers to metabolize unconjugated bilirubin as they are still organically developing. It results in yellow coloration of the skin and sclera because of the accumulation of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin. In higher income countries, where babies are born in hospital, NJ is treated with blue light while in the incubator.
In LMICs, most of births happens at home and newborns develop skin pigmentation within 5-7 days, which make light therapy ineffective.
This is why we developed the NJ vest. Read more here: A vest for treating jaundice in low-resource settings

A 3D-printed condom intrauterine balloon tamponade: Design, prototyping, and technical validation

Post-partum haemorrhage is among the main causes of (preventable) mortality for women in low-resource settings (LRSs), where, in 2017, the mortality ratio was 462 out of every 100 000 live births, over 10 times higher than for high-resource settings. There are different treatments available for post-partum haemorrhage. The intrauterine balloon tamponade is a medical device that proved to be a simple and cost-effective approach. Currently, there are several balloon tamponades available, with different design and working principles. However, all these devices were designed for high-resource settings, presenting several aspects that could be inappropriate for many lower-income countries. This paper presents the results of a preclinical study aiming at informing the design, prototyping and validation of a 3D-printed intrauterine balloon tamponade concept, contributing towards the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good health and Well-being. Frugal engineering concepts and contextualised design techniques were applied throughout, to define the design requirements and specifications. The performance of the final prototype was validated against the requirements of the UK National Health System (NHS) technical guidelines and relevant literature, measuring the water leak and pressure drop over time, both open air and in a approximate uterus model. The resulting prototype is made up of six components, some of which are easy to retrieve, namely a water bottle, a silicone tube and an ordinary condom, while others can be manufactured locally using 3D printers, namely a modified bottle cap, a flow stopper and a valve for holding the condom in place. Validation testing bore promising results with no water or pressure leak open air, and minimal leaks in the approximate uterus model. This demonstrates that the 3D printed condom-based intrauterine balloon tamponade is performing well against the requirements and, when compared to the state of the art, it could be a more appropriate and more resilient solution to low-resource settings, as it bypasses the challenges in the supply of consumables and presents a greener option based on circular economy.
Read more here: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0303844